Development and growth continue throughout life, through childhood, adolescence, and through adulthood to old age, and are referred to as the process of aging. First, air is pulled through the trachea into the lungs by the diaphragm pushing down, which creates a vacuum. From here, it is pumped into the body's largest artery, the aorta, and then progressively smaller arteries and arterioles until it reaches tissue. It converts food into small, nutritional, non-toxic molecules for distribution and absorption into the body. It forms lymphocytes, produces antibodies, aids in destroying worn-out red blood cells, and filters bacteria and foreign particles from the blood, (in vertebrates) the enlarged muscular saclike part of the alimentary canal in which food is stored until it has been partially digested and rendered into chyme, a short tube in the inner corner of the eyelid through which tears drain into the nose, the region on each side of the head in front of the ear and above the cheek bone, a cord or band of white inelastic collagenous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone or some other part; sinew, either of the two male reproductive glands, in most mammals enclosed within the scrotum, that produce spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone, the part of the leg between the hip and the knee in man, the part of the human body enclosed by the ribs, that part of the alimentary and respiratory tracts extending from the back of the mouth (nasopharynx) to just below the larynx, the first and usually shortest and thickest of the digits of the hand, composed of two short bones, a thin horny translucent plate covering part of the dorsal surface of the end joint of each toe, a movable mass of muscular tissue attached to the floor of the mouth in most vertebrates. The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and by artists to assist them in their work. [50] Most recently, evolutionary physiology has become a distinct subdiscipline. Systems. The immune system provides a mechanism for the body to distinguish its own cells and tissues from outside cells and substances and to neutralize or destroy the latter by using specialized proteins such as antibodies, cytokines, and toll-like receptors, among many others. Organs. neck - this connects your head with your shoulders and the rest of your body. throat - food goes down this to get to your stomach. The skin provides containment, structure, and protection for other organs, and serves as a major sensory interface with the outside world. In man it is vestigial, (in man) either of the upper limbs from the shoulder to the wrist, the small depression beneath the arm where it joins the shoulder, any of the tubular thick-walled muscular vessels that convey oxygenated blood from the heart to various parts of the body, the posterior part of the human body, extending from the neck to the pelvis, the lower or front part of the body of a vertebrate, containing the intestines and other abdominal organs; abdomen, a distensible membranous sac in which the urine excreted from the kidneys is stored, a reddish fluid in vertebrates that is pumped by the heart through the arteries and veins, supplies tissues with nutrients, oxygen, etc, and removes waste products. There are many different topics and levels. The ANS is involved in involuntary processes, such as digestion and regulating blood pressure. Improve your English with our interactive English vocabulary games. [24], The nervous system consists of the body's neurons and glial cells, which together form the nerves, ganglia and gray matter which in turn form the brain and related structures. [2] The content, acidity and composition of the water inside and outside cells is carefully maintained. The endocrine hormones serve as signals from one body system to another regarding an enormous array of conditions, and resulting in variety of changes of function. [1] These elements reside in trillions of cells and non-cellular components of the body. Together, these systems regulate the internal environment of the body, maintaining blood flow, posture, energy supply, temperature, and acid balance (pH).[35]. hormones) from one part of the body to another. Pneumonia occurs through infection of the alveoli, and may be caused by tuberculosis. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a collection of nerve fibres connecting the brain to the rest of the body. It gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement. What can it be? Copyright © 2016 by HarperCollins Publishers. Human anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. [27] The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is mostly responsible for gathering information with sensory neurons and directing body movements with motor neurons. [30][31], For the respiratory system to function properly, there need to be as few impediments as possible to the movement of air within the lungs. The intestines, liver, and spleen sit in the abdominal cavity. Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries carrying deoxygenated blood, which absorbs oxygen out of the air and into the bloodstream. The body consists of many different types of tissue, defined as cells that act with a specialised function. In mammals it consists of a right and left atrium and a right and left ventricle, the back part of the human foot from the instep to the lower part of the ankle, either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh, overlying the lateral part of the pelvis and its articulation with the thighbones, the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the caecum, the part of the ear in the temporal bone consisting of the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea, the middle section of the human foot, forming the arch between the ankle and toes, the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus, the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth. These include the heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, liver and pancreas. Our body has symmetry – that means it looks the same on the left side as it does on the right side. heart - your heart pumps your blood around your body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, which drain blood into the right side of the heart. Vital organs are the parts of our body that we need to stay alive. The body uses different systems to work properly. The special senses consist of vision, hearing, taste, and smell. The process begins with fertilisation, where an egg released from the ovary of a female is penetrated by sperm. [34], Human physiology is the study of how the human body functions. The egg then lodges in the uterus, where an embryo and later fetus develop until birth. All major bones, muscles, and nerves in the body are named, with the exception of anatomical variations such as sesamoid bones and accessory muscles. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. ribs - these are the bones that protect the organs in your chest. [8] The RNA is then used to create proteins which form the basis for cells, their activity, and their products. It consists of a fluid (see, any of the various structures that make up the skeleton in most vertebrates; the porous rigid tissue of which these parts are made, consisting of a matrix of collagen and inorganic salts, esp calcium phosphate, interspersed with canals and small holes, either of the two soft fleshy milk-secreting glands on the chest in sexually mature human females, the two large fleshy masses of thick muscular tissue that form the human rump, the thick fleshy part of the back of the leg between the ankle and the knee, any of the delicate thin-walled blood vessels that form an interconnecting network between the arterioles and the venules, any necklike part of an organ, esp the lower part of the uterus that extends into the vagina, either side of the face, esp that part below the eye, the front part of the trunk from the neck to the belly, a part of the female genitalia consisting of a small elongated highly sensitive erectile organ at the front of the vulva: homologous with the penis, the part of the large intestine between the caecum and the rectum, the first part of the small intestine, between the stomach and the jejunum, the organ of hearing and balance in higher vertebrates and of balance only in fishes. The human body is composed of elements including hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, calcium and phosphorus. Scroll down and take a look at the list and some interesting facts about the human body. It extracts moisture from food residues, which are later excreted as faeces, either of the two lower limbs, including the bones and fleshy covering of the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella, either of the two fleshy folds surrounding the mouth, playing an important role in the production of speech sounds, retaining food in the mouth, etc, a multilobed highly vascular reddish-brown glandular organ occupying most of the upper right part of the human abdominal cavity immediately below the diaphragm.

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