The work is described in Nature Communications. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details to third parties. "We're replacing iridium with elements that are abundant, cheap, and operate in a more stable manner," Dr. Simonov says. University of Houston. March 18, 2019 Stanford researchers create hydrogen fuel from seawater. "This is the worst thing that can happen, to dissolve something that costs hundreds of dollars per gram. The traditional source of hydrogen for fuel cell use is water, which is split into hydrogen … Thank you for taking your time to send in your valued opinion to Science X editors. Do chemists use X-NMR where the spin of X is greater than a half? Another obstacle is that efficiently splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gases has required rare and expensive metal catalysts such as platinum and iridium. New Catalyst Efficiently Produces Hydrogen from Seawater, Discrimination and Sexual Misconduct Reporting and Awareness, Electronic & Information Resources Accessibility. Seawater is one of the most abundant resources on earth, offering promise both as a source of hydrogen – desirable as a source of clean energy – and of drinking water in arid climates. Get the latest science news with ScienceDaily's free email newsletters, updated daily and weekly. Scottish scientists have made a clean energy breakthrough, discovering a new method for extracting hydrogen from water that is safer and 30 times faster than current methods. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. Dr. Simonov and Professor MacFarlane are also collaborating with an emerging Australian company, ANT Energy Solutions, which is developing a portable hydrogen electrolyzer with funding from the Cooperative Research Centres Program. But hydrogen gas is highly combustible, and transporting it presents some challenges. This process can also be reversed to generate electricity when hydrogen and oxygen gases interact in a fuel cell (NASA has used fuel cells to power satellites and space capsules since the 1960s). The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) is funding further research, with the goal of producing greater efficiencies and developing a scalable electrode fabrication process, suitable for industry. Zhifeng Ren, director of the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH and a corresponding author for the paper, said a major obstacle has been the lack of a catalyst that can effectively split seawater to produce hydrogen without also setting free ions of sodium, chlorine, calcium and other components of seawater, which once freed can settle on the catalyst and render it inactive. Have any problems using the site? Chlorine ions are especially problematic, in part because chlorine requires just slightly higher voltage to free than is needed to free hydrogen. But although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it doesn't naturally occur in large quantities as a gas on Earth. ScienceDaily, 11 November 2019. and Terms of Use. Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. The researchers tested the catalysts with seawater drawn from Galveston Bay off the Texas coast. Materials provided by University of Houston. Researchers from the University of Houston have reported a significant breakthrough with a new oxygen evolution reaction catalyst that, combined with a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, achieved current densities capable of supporting industrial demands while requiring relatively low voltage to start seawater electrolysis. By using electrolysis, hydrogen gas could be created from excess electricity generated by large renewable electricity projects. Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. Because all metals—even iridium—dissolve during electrolysis, the researchers wondered if the dissolved material could be redeposited on the electrode during operation. Until recently, the cost of electricity has been a roadblock to producing industrial quantities of hydrogen gas through electrolysis. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. All rights reserved. Your opinions are important to us. Iridium is one of the rarest and most costly elements on Earth—it's often carried here by meteorites. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. Hydrogen is a clean energy source that can be produced by splitting water molecules with light. Research team leads the way in a green chemistry breakthrough for renewables, Baculum study suggests its complexity is related to monogamous behavior, Messier 85 has a peculiar globular cluster system, study finds, Lipid-based boundary-lubricated hydrogels found to be slipperier than those based on water, Mineralized wood samples show Old Faithful once stopped erupting for several decades, Layer-cake 2-D superconductivity: Developing clean 2-D superconductivity in a bulk van der Waals superlattice. University of Houston. "Most people use clean freshwater to produce hydrogen by water splitting," he said. "It turned out that it can," he says. But even as water-splitting technologies capable of producing hydrogen from freshwater have become more effective, seawater has remained a challenge. University of Houston. Anderson Chair Professor of physics at UH, said it also would work with wastewater, providing another source of hydrogen from water that is otherwise unusable without costly treatment. Ren, M.D. To address the challenges, the researchers designed and synthesized a three-dimensional core-shell oxygen evolution reaction catalyst using transition metal-nitride, with nanoparticles made of a nickel-iron-nitride compound and nickel-molybdenum-nitride nanorods on porous nickel foam. But low-cost renewable electricity technologies have removed this barrier. The catalysts were integrated into a two-electrode alkaline electrolyzer, which can be powered by waste heat via a thermoelectric device or by an AA battery. "Water could be the most abundant source of hydrogen if one could separate the hydrogen from its strong bond with oxygen in the water by using a catalyst." “Most people use clean freshwater to produce hydrogen by water splitting,” he said. Ren, M.D. We achieved absolutely no degradation.". Seawater is one of the most abundant resources on earth, offering promise both as a source of hydrogen -- desirable as a source of clean energy -- and of drinking water in arid climates. In addition to Ren and Yu, researchers on the paper include Qing Zhu, Shaowei Song, Brian McElhennyy, Dezhi Wang, Chunzheng Wu, Zhaojun Qin, Jiming Bao and Shuo Chen, all of UH; and Ying Yu of Central China Normal University. But although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it doesn’t naturally occur in large quantities as a gas on Earth. Researchers from the University of Houston have reported a significant breakthrough with a new oxygen evolution reaction catalyst that, combined with a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, achieved current densities capable of supporting industrial demands while requiring relatively low voltage to start seawater electrolysis. Dr. Simonov says that in the meantime, energy provider AGL is investigating how the electrolysis breakthrough can be scaled up to add sustainably produced hydrogen to natural gas lines in Australia, as a way of reducing carbon emissions. Cell voltages required to produce a current density of 100 milliamperes per square centimeter (a measure of current density, or mA cm-2) ranged from 1.564 V to 1.581 V. The voltage is significant, Yu said, because while a voltage of at least 1.23 V is required to produce hydrogen, chlorine is produced at a voltage of 1.73 V, meaning the device had to be able to produce meaningful levels of current density with a voltage between the two levels. Zhifeng Ren, director of the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH and a corresponding author for the paper, said a major obstacle has been the lack of a catalyst that can effectively split seawater to produce hydrogen without also setting free ions of sodium, chlorine, calcium and other components of seawater, which once freed can settle on the catalyst and render it inactive. In addition to Ren and Yu, researchers on the paper include Qing Zhu, Shaowei Song, Brian McElhennyy, Dezhi Wang, Chunzheng Wu, Zhaojun Qin, Jiming Bao and Shuo Chen, all of UH; and Ying Yu of Central China Normal University. or, by Alexandr Simonov, Monash University. The researchers tested the catalysts with seawater drawn from Galveston Bay off the Texas coast. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/11/191111180111.htm (accessed October 19, 2020). Researchers say the device, composed of inexpensive non-noble metal nitrides, manages to avoid many of the obstacles that have limited earlier attempts to inexpensively produce hydrogen or safe drinking water from seawater. This goal is also being explored by Dr. Simonov and colleagues within the Monash Ammonia Project led by Professor MacFarlane. However, it is currently impossible to achieve this on a large scale. To split water into hydrogen and oxygen, two reactions are needed - one for each element. Researchers from the University of Houston have reported a significant breakthrough with a new oxygen evolution reaction catalyst that, combined with a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, achieved current densities capable of supporting industrial demands while requiring relatively low voltage to start seawater electrolysis. Federal Resources Minister Matt Canavan this week signed a letter of intent with South Korea to develop a hydrogen plan by the year's end, signaling the Australian government's intent to widen the export potential. It can also go into other components of your electrolytic device, contaminating them and preventing them from proper operation.". The content is provided for information purposes only.

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